Interpretation of Aquifer Lithology and Depth in Abuja Campus, University of Port Harcourt

Abstract

Groundwater remains the primary source of potable water in the Abuja Campus of the University of Port Harcourt. This study aimed to interpret the aquifer lithology and depth using integrated geological and geophysical methods, with a focus on the Benin Formation. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) employing the Schlumberger configuration was conducted across the campus to obtain apparent resistivity data, which were subsequently processed and interpreted. The resulting resistivity curve exhibited an H-type configuration, revealing five subsurface layers: sandy topsoil (79.43 Ωm, 1.25 m), dry sand/lateritic sand (120.2 Ωm, 2.45 m), saturated sand (48.75 Ωm, 9.85 m), coarse dry sand/gravel (648.7 Ωm, 51.31 m), and compact sands (436.5 Ωm). The principal aquifer occurs within the third layer, at depths between 3.7 m and 13.6 m, characterized by high porosity and water saturation. Hydrogeological analysis indicates that while the aquifer offers high yield potential, its sandy nature increases susceptibility to contamination. The study highlights the importance of combining geophysical data with geological understanding to improve groundwater exploration in the Niger Delta. Recommendations include proper borehole siting within the saturated sandy horizon, use of protective clay seals, and incorporation of advanced 2D/3D resistivity imaging for future investigations. The findings provide a scientific basis for sustainable groundwater development on the Abuja Campus and can be applied to similar settings across the Niger Delta region.