Epidemiology and Psychosocial Impact of Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Dysmenorrhea or painful periods is a common gynecological condition faced by women of all ages and cultures. Though it is very common, it still goes unnoticed and poor treatment results in significant physical, emotional, and social morbidity suffered by women worldwide. Objectives: This systematic review aims to synthesize worldwide evidence regarding dysmenorrhea prevalence, pain severity, and psychosocial effects in women, according to differences by region, age, and socio-cultural context. Methods: The literature search consisted of thed were "dysmenorrhea," "prevalence," "severity," "psychosocial impact," "India," and "global." PRISMA guidelines were adopted. Articles describing the prevalence, intensity (assessed via standardized pain measurement scales), and psychosocial impact (e.g., absenteeism, anxiety, depression, lowered quality of life) of dysmenorrhea were included. Results: A review of 22 studies between 2010 and 2022 demonstrated that dysmenorrhea occurred in 41.7% to 94% of adolescent girls, with greater than 70% prevalence being reported by most studies. The disease was most often linked to severe to moderate menstrual cramping and substantial psychosocial impacts, including higher absenteeism, emotional distress, and reduced academic performance. Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea represents a widespread but frequently neglected public health concern with substantial physical and psychosocial consequences. Addressing this condition through culturally sensitive education, improved healthcare access, and a comprehensive management approach is essential to alleviate its impact and enhancing quality of life.