Low-Cost Respiratory Aid for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Abstract

This paper outlines various studies conducted in the field of respiratory assistance. Human lungs function by a push-pull mechanism during inhalation and exhalation. The DIY respiratory aid designed in this study aims to support individuals during critical times such as the COVID-19 pandemic. It is highly affordable and accessible. This device can be used for patients suffering from lung or breathing disorders, especially in emergency or critical care situations. The core component of the respiratory aid is a Stepper Motor, which is used to compress an Ambu bag (manual resuscitator) to simulate natural breathing. A LED display is integrated to show vital parameters such as the breathing rate and pulse levels. When abnormal breathing patterns or low pulse levels are detected, a buzzer is activated to alert caregivers. Additionally, the system is equipped with a pulse oximeter sensor to monitor blood oxygen saturation and a pressure sensor to measure the exhaled lung pressure, ensuring that the device does not deliver excessive or insufficient air pressure. The respiratory aid is built using Atmega Microcontroller, which serves as the central controller for all components, making the design both reliable and cost-effective. Potential applications include use in rural clinics, emergency response units, home care settings, and temporary field hospitals, particularly when access to commercial ventilators is limited.