Alkaloids Derived from Catharanthus Roseus and their Pharmacological Actions – A Review

Abstract

Medicinal plants serve as a potent source of diverse pharmaceutical compounds, demonstrating significant pharmacological effects on human health. Rather than relying on chemical drugs with adverse side effects, exploring ancient remedies can lead to the development of novel drug formulations that are more efficacious, safer, and cost-effective. Although many traditional medicines have been used historically without a full understanding of their mechanisms, modern technology enables further validation and commercialization of their active compounds pending proper approvals. Catharanthus roseus, among 21,000 medicinal plants, holds importance in treating various ailments such as diabetes, mouth ulcers, and leukemia due to its rich array of alkaloids like reserpine and vincristine. vinblastine and vincristine exhibit anti-leukemic activity, while different plant parts yield varying alkaloid concentrations, with root bark being the richest source at nearly 1.79%. Numerous reports support its antimicrobial activity against pathogens like Staphylococcus albus, Bacillus megatarium, Shigella, and Pseudomonas, alongside documented antioxidant and anti-mutagenic effects. Further research is needed to explore its potential anti-tumor properties.