A Review on Nanoparticle: Structure, Synthesis, Classification and Application

Abstract

This review was concentrated on providing a thorough overview of the characteristics, synthesis, and uses of nanoparticles (NP), which exist in various forms. Nanoparticles are incredibly small particles with sizes between 1 and 100 nm. They are divided into a number of classes according to their sizes, forms, and characteristics. Metal nanoparticles (NP), ceramic NP, polymeric NP, and fullerenes were among the distinct group. Because of their large surface area and nanoscale size, NP have distinct chemical and physical properties. It is known that their optical properties depend on size, which gives different colours because of absorption in the visible area. Their distinct sizes, shapes, and structures also affect their hardness, reactivity, and other qualities. These qualities make them suitable candidates for a variety of applications both domestically and commercially, including energy base research, imaging, medicinal, environmental, and catalysis. Lead, tin, and mercury heavy metal NP are said to be so hard and stable that it is difficult to degrade them, which can have a variety of harmful effects on the environment. Their distinct sizes, shapes, and structures also affect their hardness, reactivity, and other qualities. These characteristics make them suitable candidates for a wide range of domestic and commercial applications, including energy-based research, imaging, medicinal, and environmental applications, as well as catalysis. According to reports, the heavy metal NP of lead, tin, and mercury are so stable and inflexible that it is difficult to degrade them, which can have a variety of harmful effects on the environment.