An Overview of Pink Eye Inflammation and its Effect on Public Health

Abstract

Conjunctivitis is characterized by inflammation of the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva, the transparent lubricating mucous membrane covering the inside of the eyelids as well as the surface of the eye. There are numerous causes of conjunctivitis, including allergic and toxic insults, as well as infections from different bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Conjunctivitis, commonly referred to as pink eye, is a common condition that affects about 6 million people annually in the United States and accounts for 1% of all primary care office visits. Despite receiving antibiotic treatment for 80% of their cases, only about 30% of primary care patients with infectious conjunctivitis are found to have bacterial conjunctivitis. Geographical location and age are major factors in the bacterial etiology. Around the world, conjunctivitis is a common ailment seen in ophthalmology clinics. Alarming symptoms for more serious intraocular conditions, such as severe pain, decreased vision, and painful pupillary reaction, need to be taken into consideration when managing suspected cases of conjunctivitis. Furthermore, patients with atypical findings and a chronic course should have a comprehensive physical examination as well as a complete medical and ophthalmic history. Conjunctival involvement in a systemic condition may be detected by concurrent physical exam findings and pertinent history. Viral-induced conjunctivitis remains the most common cause of illness in general the second most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis is bacterial conjunctivitis however less common.