Modeling and Control of Renewable Energy based EV Charging Systems

Abstract

In order to provide adequate charging rates for the growing number of electric cars (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, charging stations must be well-designed. The pressure on the traditional grid would increase the cost of charging. Therefore, using local renewable energy sources in addition to the traditional grid, such as solar (PV) electricity, may improve the performance of charging stations. In this study, the grid and PV sources work together to sustain the EV load. The PV is renowned for being irregular and very reliant on local and climatic factors. For continuous operation of a hybrid PV-based charging station in a system that is linked to the grid and to make up for the intermittent nature of PV, a battery storage system (BSS) is coupled with the PV. In order to fulfil the various demands of EVs load in a range of conditions, hybrid sources-based charging stations should normally be available, effective, and reliable. In order to maximize on-site PV energy, meet the variable demand of EVs while taking into account the quick reaction of BSS, and reduce grid stress, this study proposes and executes an effective hierarchical energy management method. This approach enhances dependability, affordability, and overall performance. To ensure the safe functioning of BSS and reduce losses during the conversion stage, an effective bidirectional power conversion stage for BSS is presented in the form of an interleaved buck-boost converter. It is possible to improve power quality by reducing current ripples by employing this approach. With the use of MPPT and an interleaved boost converter, PV systems can produce the most electricity possible despite erratic weather. To address the dynamic power needs of EVs while maintaining the balance between the available generating quantities, interleave converter is recommended in combination with sub-management technology for car charging phases. When there is a significant demand on the grid side, the suggested conversion stage and management cope with the restricted dependency on grid sources for charging reasons. As a result, the suggested pricing structure significantly reduces grid stress, particularly during peak hours. A rule-based management method may be used to run the system under desired settings (REMS). This interactive method with time constraints makes the most of the PV source initially, adds power via the BSS, and then switches to the grid when the PVs have intermittent issues. The management plan guarantees consistent system performance while increasing PV consumption, satisfying EV demand, and extending the life of the BSS. It is advised to employ a hybrid charging system in this study that draws power from the normal grid, BSS, and solar energy. Interleaved buck-boost converters are recommended as a beneficial energy conversion step to enhance power quality. It is suggested to determine the lithium-ion battery's state of charge (SoC) using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). To enhance BSS utilization, relieve grid stress, and increase the use of renewable energy sources, an online management plan is created.