Literature Review on Tunnel Squeezing Deformation Control and the Use of Yielding Elements in Shotcrete Linings

Abstract

The shotcrete lining exhibits significant resistance but minimal malleability. To combat tunnel squeezing deformations, ductile lining, which employs yielding components, offers a viable solution. This review article aims to outline the development of this concept and evaluate the research conducted in this domain. The paper commences with a brief introduction to tunnel squeezing deformations. It then summarizes the supportive mechanism and advantages of ductile lining in tunnels excavated in squeezing ground conditions. The succeeding section outlines the four primary categories of yielding elements employed in shotcrete lining and presents their fundamental structures and mechanical properties. The impact of yielding element parameters on supportive effects is discussed and then applications of the various yielding element in different places with slight modification as per the demand of the work has been reviewed.