Understanding the Ethical and Environmental Implications of Genetically Modified Crops through the Bt Insecticidal Gene

Abstract

Genetic modification has been used to alter the genetic makeup of organisms by adding or removing genes since 1973. The technology has great potential in the field of agriculture and food and it continues to evolve. Among many of the gene introduced into plants, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) gene was introduced into crops, primarily, maize, cotton, soybeans and rice. The gene makes the plant produce Cry proteins that are poisonous to targeted insects. Despite its scientific and agricultural promise, many concerns about the safety of human, animal consumption, agricultural land and the environment have been raised. These issues are caused by uncontrolled gene flows. Besides this, many countries also have to deal with the ethical concerns raised by the public, making the use of GMO controversial. his paper takes a total view of these concerns and attempts to review the potential risks of the Bt gene on aspects of agriculture, biodiversity and, human and animal health Upon evaluating existing literature, this paper argues that there is not enough evidence to conclude that the Bt gene can adversely affect human or non-targeted species.