IoT Driven Battery Health Monitoring Framework for ICE Two Wheelers with WhatsApp Based User Interaction

Abstract

India’s two-wheeler ecosystem remains heavily dependent on Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles. Unlike electric vehicles, ICE batteries operate without intelligent monitoring systems, leaving users unaware of battery condition until failure occurs. This research presents a conceptual Internet of Things (IoT) framework designed to introduce real-time battery health visibility to ICE two-wheelers using affordable electronic components and cloud connectivity. The proposed system measures voltage, current, and temperature parameters through sensors connected to an ESP32 microcontroller. Battery data is transmitted to cloud servers and communicated to riders through WhatsApp Business API in the form of alerts and maintenance reminders. In addition to the technical framework, this study introduces an integrated business model that focuses on delivery riders, motorcycle enthusiasts, and garage mechanics. Primary insights were obtained through field interactions with mechanics and battery retailers in West Bengal. The framework demonstrates how low-cost IoT infrastructure can reduce unexpected battery failures while strengthening relationships between riders, service providers, and manufacturers. This study offers a practical approach for modernizing conventional ICE battery systems in emerging mobility markets.